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It is often quoted, “An investors worst enemy is not the market but his or her own emotions”. There are numerous theories which attempt to explain how investors react to regret or overreact when buying or selling their investments. Many times, their reasoning is based on the level of...

A popular investment strategy for an investor seeking a predictable cash flow is bond laddering. Bond laddering is in essence building a portfolio of bonds with staggered maturity dates. For example, the portfolio can consist of bonds maturing in three, five, seven and ten years. You can...

There are always things happening to unnerve markets and cause volatility, from changes in commerce, to politics, to economic outcomes and corporate actions. Volatility is an investment term for when a market or security experiences swings in either direction, up or down, that deviate from...

It's widely known that the return you earn is a function of the risk you take. Higher risk equals higher return. Lower risk equals lower return. But what is high and what is low? How do we determine a high return vs. A low return? That is heavily influenced by prevailing market conditions...

One of the most overlooked features of a bond is a make-whole call provision but one can be forgiven for this because rarely does an issuer exercise this option. But however rare it is, it does happen. Just recently Macy’s (the famous retail store in the U.S) used this provision to early...

In the investment world, the terms credit, credit risk and credit quality are repeatedly used when speaking about different asset classes, investment types and issuers of debt. But what do these terms mean and how should they factor into our investment making decisions?

In its broadest...